Shoulder Extension:
Definition: | Straightening the shoulder joint by moving the upper arm posteriorly (to the back). |
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Shoulder Flexion:
Definition: | Bending the shoulder joint by moving the upper arm anteriorly (to the front). |
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Shoulder Abduction:
Definition: | Moving the upper arm laterally (outward), away from the sagittal plane (midline). |
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Shoulder Adduction:
Definition: | Moving the upper arm medially (inward), toward the sagittal plane (midline). |
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Shoulder External Rotation (Lateral Rotation):
Definition: | Rotating the upper arm laterally (outward). |
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Shoulder Internal Rotation (Medial Rotation):
Definition: | Rotating the upper arm medially (inward). |
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Shoulder Horizontal Abduction (Transverse Abduction or Horizontal Extension):
Definition: | Moving the upper arm laterally (outward) through a transverse (horizontal) plane, away from the sagittal plane (midline). (I.e. Moving the arms horizontally away from the chest.) |
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Shoulder Horizontal Adduction (Transverse Adduction or Horizontal Flexion):
Definition: | Moving the upper arm medially (inward) through a transverse (horizontal) plane, toward from the sagittal plane (midline). (I.e. Moving the arms horizontally across the chest.) |
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